He declines the offer, preferring to keep his job as a law-abiding bus driver. Overall, this is a fantastic movie filled with strong emotional bonds. If bus driver is the name of something like a cafe or hotel or bar then it is capitalized eg I meet you at the Bus Driver bar at 8 tonight. Asked in Bus Travel Who gives us tickets in the bus?

Running time116 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$30 millionBox office$350.4 millionSpeed is a 1994 American directed by, in his feature film directorial debut. The film stars,.

It is about a speeding bus that is rigged by a mad bomber to explode if it ever drops below 50.Released on June 10, 1994, it became critically and commercially successful, grossing $350.4 million on a $30 million budget and winning two, for and, at the in 1995.A critically panned sequel, was released on June 13, 1997. Contents.Plot officers Jack Traven and Harry Temple thwart an attempt to hold an elevator full of people for a $3 million ransom by an extortionist bomber, who is later identified as Howard Payne. As they corner Payne, he holds Harry hostage. Jack intentionally shoots Harry in the leg, forcing the bomber to release Harry.

Payne flees, seemingly dying in the explosion of his own device. Jack and Harry are praised by Lieutenant 'Mac' McMahon and awarded medals for their heroism while Harry is promoted to Detective.Sometime later, Jack witnesses a mass transit bus explode, killing its driver. Payne, still alive, contacts Jack on a payphone, explaining that a similar bomb is rigged on another bus. The bomb will activate once the bus reaches 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) and detonate when it goes below 50 mph. The bomber demands a larger ransom of $3.7 million and threatens to detonate the bus if the passengers are offloaded. Jack races through freeway traffic and boards the bus, which is already over 50 mph. He explains the situation to Sam, the driver.

A small-time criminal on the bus, fearing that Jack is about to arrest him, fires his gun, accidentally wounding Sam. Another passenger, Annie Porter, drives the bus. Jack examines the bomb under the bus and phones Harry, who uses clues to identify the bomber.After a harrowing adventure through city traffic, the police clear a route for the bus to the unopened.

Mac demands that they offload the passengers onto a flatbed trailer, but Jack warns about Payne's plot. Payne allows the officers to offload the injured Sam for medical attention, but then detonates a smaller bomb, which kills Helen, another passenger who attempts to get off.When Jack learns that part of the elevated freeway ahead is incomplete, he persuades Annie to accelerate the bus to jump over it, which narrowly succeeds. He directs her to the nearby to drive on the unobstructed runways. Meanwhile, Harry identifies Payne's name, his former role as a retired Atlanta police bomb squad officer, and his local Los Angeles address. Harry leads a SWAT team to Payne's home, in which Payne has rigged with explosives and detonates, killing Harry and his crew.Jack rides under the bus on a towed sledge, but is unable to defuse the bomb, and he accidentally punctures the fuel tank when the sledge breaks from its tow line. Once pulled back aboard by the passengers, Jack learns that Harry has died, and that Payne has been watching the passengers on the bus with a hidden surveillance camera.

Mac has a local news crew record the transmission and rebroadcast it in a loop to fool Payne, while the passengers are offloaded onto an airport bus. Jack and Annie escape the bus from a floor access panel. The unmanned bus explodes as it collides with an empty cargo plane.Jack and Mac go to to drop the ransom into a trash can. Realizing that he has been fooled, Payne poses as a police officer, kidnaps Annie, and recovers the discarded ransom. Jack follows Payne into the Metro subway, where Annie is fitted with a rigged to a.

Payne hijacks a subway train, handcuffs Annie to a pole, and sets the train in motion while Jack pursues them. After killing the train driver, Payne attempts a bribe with the ransom money, but is enraged when a in the money bag sprays at him.

He and Jack battle on the roof of the train, until Payne is decapitated by an subway tunnel light.Jack deactivates the explosive vest from Annie, but cannot free Annie from the pole as she is still handcuffed and doesn't have the key. Unable to stop the train, Jack cranks it to maximum speed, causing it to plow through a construction site and burst onto before coming to a stop and eventually freeing Annie.

Out of the train, Jack and Annie share a kiss, while a crowd looks on in amusement.Cast. Part of the film featured the bus making its way onto through the traffic. Writing Screenwriter was told by his father, Canadian television host, about a film called starring, about a train that speeds out of control.

The film was based on an idea. Elwy mistakenly believed that the train's situation was due to a bomb on board. Such a theme had in fact been used in the 1975 Japanese film. After seeing the Voight film, Graham decided that it would have been better if there had been a bomb on board a bus with the bus being forced to travel at 20 mph to prevent an actual explosion.

A friend suggested that this be increased to 50 mph. The film's end was inspired by the end of the 1976 film. Yost had initially named the film Minimum Speed reflecting on the plot element of the bus unable to drop below a speed. He realized that using 'minimum' would immediately apply a negative connotation to the title, and simply renamed it to Speed.Yost's initial script would have the film completely occur on the bus; there was no initial elevator scene, the bus would have driven around due to the ability to drive around in circles, and would have culminated with the bus running into the and destroying it.

Upon finishing the script, Yost took his idea to, which expressed interest in green-lighting the film and chose due to his blockbuster films,. However, McTiernan eventually declined to do so, feeling the script was too much of a Die Hard retread, and suggested, who agreed to direct because he had the experience of being the photography director for action movies, including McTiernan's Die Hard and The Hunt for Red October. Despite a promising script, Paramount passed on the project, feeling audiences would not want to see a movie which takes place for two hours on a bus, so De Bont and Yost then took the project to which also distributed Die Hard.

Fox agreed to green-light the project on the condition there were action sequences in the film other than the bus. De Bont then suggested starting the film off with the bomb on an elevator in an office building, as he had an experience of being trapped in an elevator while working on Die Hard. Yost used the opening elevator scene to establish Traven as being clever enough to overcome the villain, comparable to tricking into looking at her own reflection. Yost then decided to conclude the film on a subway train to have a final plot twist not involving the action on the bus. Fox then immediately approved the project.In preparing the shooting script, one unnamed author had revised Yost's script in a manner that Yost had called 'terrible'. Yost spent three days 'reconfiguring' this draft. Was also brought in as a.

Jan de Bont brought in a week before principal photography started to work on the script. According to Yost: 'Joss Whedon wrote 98.9 percent of the dialogue. We were very much in sync, it's just that I didn't write the dialogue as well as he did.' One of Whedon's contributions was reworking Traven's character once was cast.

Reeves did not like how the Jack Traven character came across in Yost's original screenplay. He felt that there were 'situations set up for one-liners and I felt it was forced— Die Hard mixed with some kind of screwball comedy.' With Reeves' input, Whedon changed Traven from being 'a maverick hotshot' to 'the polite guy trying not to get anybody killed,' and removed the character's glib dialogue and made him more earnest.Yost also gave Whedon credit for the 'Pop quiz, hotshot' line. Another of Whedon's contributions was changing the character of Doug Stephens from a lawyer ('a bad guy and he died', according to the writer) to a tourist, 'just a nice, totally out-of-his-depth guy'.

Whedon worked predominantly on the dialogue, but also created a few significant plot points, like the killing of Harry Temple. Yost had originally planned for Temple to be the villain of the story, as he felt that having an off-screen antagonist would not be interesting. However, Yost recognized that there was a lot of work in the script to establish Temple as this villain. When was cast as Howard Payne, Yost recognized that Hopper's Payne readily worked as a villain, allowing them to rewrite Temple to be non-complicit in the bomb situation. Casting , the first choice for the role of Jack Traven, declined the offer because he felt the character (as written in the earlier version of the script) was too much like the John McClane character from Die Hard. According to Yost, they had also considered,.

Director Jan de Bont ultimately cast Keanu Reeves as Jack Traven after seeing him in. He felt that the actor was 'vulnerable on the screen. He's not threatening to men because he's not that bulky, and he looks great to women'.

Reeves had dealt with the (LAPD) before on Point Break, and learned about their concern for human life, which he incorporated into Traven. The director did not want Traven to have long hair and wanted the character 'to look strong and in control of himself'. To that end, Reeves shaved his head almost completely. The director remembers, 'everyone at the studio was scared shitless when they first saw it. There was only like a millimeter. What you see in the movie is actually grown in'.

Reeves also spent two months at in to get in shape for the role.For the character of Annie, Yost said that they initially wrote the character as and as a as to justify how she would be able to handle driving a speeding bus through traffic. The role was offered to but she declined the part. Later, the character had then been changed to a driver's education teacher, and made the character more of a comic-relief sidekick to Jack, with in mind for the part.

Instead, Annie became both Jack's sidekick and later love interest, leading to the casting of Sandra Bullock. Sandra Bullock came to read for Speed with Reeves to make sure there was the right chemistry between the two actors. She recalls that they had to do 'all these really physical scenes together, rolling around on the floor and stuff.' Filming began on September 7, 1993, and completed on December 23, 1993, in Los Angeles.

De Bont used an 80-foot model of a 50-story elevator shaft for the opening sequence. While Speed was in production, actor and Reeves's close friend died. Immediately after Phoenix died, de Bont changed the shooting schedule to work around Reeves and decided to give him scenes that were easier to do. 'It got to him emotionally. He became very quiet, and it took him quite a while to work it out by himself and calm down.

It scared the hell out of him', de Bont recalls. Initially, Reeves was nervous about the film's many action sequences but as the shooting progressed he became more involved. He wanted to do the stunt in which Traven jumps from a Jaguar onto the bus himself, and rehearsed it in secret after de Bont disapproved. On the day of the sequence, Reeves did the stunt himself, terrifying de Bont in the process.Eleven and three buses were used in the film's production. Two of them were blown up, one was used for the high-speed scenes, one had the front cut off for inside shots, and one was used solely for the 'under bus' shots. Another bus was used for the bus jump scene, which was done in one take. Eleven were used to represent the bus in the film.Many of the film's freeway scenes were filmed on California's and at the known today as the, which was not officially open at the time of filming.

While scouting this location, De Bont noticed big sections of road missing and told screenwriter Graham Yost to add the bus jump over the unfinished freeway to the script. In the scene in which the bus must jump across a gap in an uncompleted elevated freeway-to-freeway ramp while still under construction, a ramp was used to give the bus the necessary lift off so that it could jump the full fifty feet. The bus used in the jump was empty except for the driver, who wore a shock-absorbing harness that suspended him mid-air above the seat, so he could handle the jolt on landing, and avoid spinal injury (as was the case for many stuntmen in previous years that were handling similar stunts). The highway section the bus jumped over is the directional ramp from I-105 WB to I-110 NB (not the HOV ramp from I-110 SB to I-105 WB as commonly believed), and as the flyover was already constructed, a gap was added in the editing process using.

A 2009 episode of attempted to recreate the bus jump as proposed, including the various tricks that they knew were used by the filmmakers such as the ramp, and proved that the jump, as in the film, would never have been possible.On a commentary track on the region 1 DVD, De Bont reports that the bus jump stunt did not go as planned. To do the jump the bus had everything possible removed to make it lighter.

On the first try the stunt driver missed the ramp and crashed the bus, making it unusable. This was not reported to the studio at the time. A second bus was prepared and two days later a second attempt was successful. But, again, things did not go as intended. Advised that the bus would only go about 20 feet, the director placed one of his multiple cameras in a position that was supposed to capture the bus landing.

However, the bus traveled much farther airborne than anyone had thought possible. It crashed down on top of the camera and destroyed it. Luckily, another camera placed about 90 feet from the jump ramp recorded the event.Filming of the final scenes occurred at, which doubled for. The shots of the LACMTA through the construction zone were shot using an 1/8 scale model of the Metro Red Line, except for the jump when it derailed.Stunt coordinator Tracy Bunting told Interview Magazine that this was 'the most challenging' of her career, in particular the iconic 'stroller full of cans' scene. The MD520N helicopter used throughout the film, registration N599DB, Serial LN024, was sold to the in 1995, where it was in use until 2006; it was then sold to a private owner.

Reception Box office Speed was released on June 10, 1994, in 2,138 theaters and debuted at the number one position, grossing $14.5 million on its opening weekend. It grossed $121.3 million domestically and $229.2 million internationally for a worldwide total of $350.5 million, well above its $30 million production budget. Critical response Speed received positive reviews and has a 'certified fresh' score of 94% on based on 63 reviews, with an average rating of 7.92/10. The critical consensus reads: 'A terrific popcorn thriller, Speed is taut, tense, and energetic, with outstanding performances from Keanu Reeves, Dennis Hopper, and Sandra Bullock.' The film also has a score of 78 out of 100 on based on 17 critics indicating 'Generally favorable reviews.' Audiences polled by gave the film an average grade of 'A' on an A+ to F scale.Film critic gave the film four out of four stars and wrote, 'Films like Speed belong to the genre I call Bruised Forearm Movies, because you're always grabbing the arm of the person sitting next to you.

Full refund on prompt returnof book if not completely satisfied with either condition or description (pleasenotify upon receipt). Stendhal the red and the black. Please do not hesitate to email us with any questionsDigital Images available upon request. Vat; IE 6402786L.Immediate same day dispatch on credit card orders. Company registration; 382786. Authorized representative; JimShaughnessy.

Done wrong, they seem like tired replays of old chase cliches. Done well, they're fun. Done as well as Speed, they generate a kind of manic exhilaration'. In his review for magazine, Peter Travers wrote, 'Action flicks are usually written off as a debased genre, unless, of course, they work. And Speed works like a charm. It's a reminder of how much movie escapism can still stir us when it's dished out with this kind of dazzle'. In her review for, wrote, 'Mr.

Hopper finds nice new ways to convey crazy menace with each new role. Certainly he's the most colorful figure in a film that wastes no time on character development or personality'. Gave the film an 'A' rating and wrote, 'It's a pleasure to be in the hands of an action filmmaker who respects the audience.

De Bont's craftsmanship is so supple that even the triple ending feels justified, like the cataclysmic final stage of a Sega death match'. Magazine's wrote, 'The movie has two virtues essential to good pop thrillers. First, it plugs uncomplicatedly into lurking anxieties—in this case the ones we brush aside when we daily surrender ourselves to mass transit in a world where the loonies are everywhere'. Filmmaker named the film one of the twenty best films he had seen from 1992 to 2009.Entertainment Weekly magazine's Owen Gleiberman ranked Speed as 1994's eighth best film. The magazine also ranked the film eighth on their 'The Best Rock-'em, Sock-'em Movies of the Past 25 Years' list. Speed also ranks 451 on magazine's 2008 list of 'The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time'.of the recalled having named Speed his film of the month working at Radio 1 at the time of release, and stated in 2017, having re-watched the film for the first time in many years, that it had stood the test of time and was a masterpiece.

Home media. This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged and.Find sources: – ( January 2020) On November 8, 1994, Fox Video released Speed on and formats for the very first time. Rental and video sales did very well and helped the film's domestic gross.

The original VHS cassette was only available in standard 4/3 TV format at the time and in October 1996, Fox Video re-released a VHS version of the film in widescreen allowing the viewer to see the film in a similar format to its theatrical release. On November 3, 1998, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released Speed on DVD for the very first time. The DVD was in a widescreen format but, other than the film's theatrical trailer, the DVD contained no extras aside from the film.

In 2002, Fox released a special collector's edition of the film with many extras and a remastered format of the film. Fox re-released this edition several times throughout the years with different covering and finally, in November 2006, Speed was released on a format with over five hours of special features.Accolades.

This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( January 2020) AssociationCeremony DateCategoryRecipientResultsAwards Circuit Community Awards1994Best Stunt EnsembleGary HymesEddie MatthewsWilliam MortsJimmy OrtegaBrian SmrzWonBest Film EditingJohn WrightNominatedBest Achievement in SoundDavid McMillanNominatedBest Visual EffectsBoyd ShermisNominatedHonorable MentionsWonWonWonJohn WrightNominated1995NominatedDavid MacMillanWonBoyd ShermisRichard E.

HollanderNominatedJohn WrightWon1995Won1995WonNominated1995David MacMillanNominated1995Nominated1995N/AWon1995N/ANominated1994Won1995Donald FlickPaul BerolzheimerDavid BartlettJohn DunnPatricio A. LibensonDean BevilleJohn T. CucciKen DufvaJudee FlickAvram D. GoldWarren Hamilton, Jr.Greg HedgepathDean ManlyDan O'ConnellJoan RoweKirk SchulerBruce StubblefieldSolange S.

SchwalbeWonN/ANominatedNominatedWonWonNominatedNominatedWonWon-for the bus escape/airplane explosionN/AWonN/ANominatedNominatedNominated1995N/AWonN/ANominatedNominatedWonrecognition:.: #99.: Jack Traven & Annie Porter - Nominated HeroesMusic Soundtrack A soundtrack album featuring 'songs from and inspired by' the film was released on June 28, 1994 with the following tracks. The soundtrack was commercially successful in Japan, being certified gold by the in 2002. Speed: Songs From And Inspired By The Motion Picture No.TitleArtistLength1.' A Million Miles Away'3:413.'

Soul Deep'3:064.' Let's Go for a Ride'3:075.' Go Outside and Drive'4:516.' Rescue Me'3:018.' Hard Road'4:289.'

Cot'Carnival Strippers5:2310.' ('93 Sprint Remix)'4;0211.'

Like a Motorway'5:4312.' Speed'3:17Total length:50:04Score In addition to the soundtrack release, a separate album featuring 40 minutes of 's score from the film was released on August 30, 1994. The CD track order does not follow the chronological order of the film's events. La-La Land Records released a limited expanded version of Mark Mancina's score on February 28, 2012. The newly remastered release features 69:25 of music spread over 32 tracks (in chronological order).

In addition, it includes the song '. Sequel. Main article:In 1997, a sequel, Speed 2: Cruise Control, was released. Agreed to star again as Annie, for financial backing for another project, but declined the offer to return as Jack. As a result, was written into the story as Alex Shaw, Annie's new boyfriend, with her and Jack having broken up due to her worry about Jack's dangerous lifestyle. Starred as the villain John Geiger, and (who played Reeves' carjacking victim) also as the same character, this time driving a boat that Alex takes control of. The film is considered one of the worst sequels of all time, scoring only 4% (based on 69 reviews) on Rotten Tomatoes.

See also., a 1975 Japanese film in which a bomb will explode if a train slows down., a 1966 TV-movie in which a bomb will explode if a plane descends to land., which tested the reality of the iconic bus jump in the film. The film is parodied in the UK Channel 4 sitcom, in the episode ', where Father Dougal drives a booby-trapped milk float that will explode if the speed falls below 4 mph.References. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 3, 2008.

Leong, Anthony. Retrieved May 8, 2011. Special Collectors' Edition - The Greatest Action Movies Ever (published in 2001). ^ Bierly, Mandi (June 10, 2014). Retrieved May 25, 2019.

^ O'Hare, Kate (June 6, 2003). The Post-Star. Retrieved November 5, 2013. IMDB. ^ Kozak, Jim (August–September 2005). Archived from on June 15, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2009.

^ Gerosa, Melina (June 10, 1994). Retrieved April 9, 2009. Bierly, Mandi (June 10, 2014).

Retrieved May 17, 2019. Svetkey, Benjamin (July 22, 1994). Retrieved April 9, 2009. ^ McCabe, Bob (June 1999).

Retrieved April 6, 2013. ^ (host) (1994). (Documentary). GJW.

Mackie, Drew (June 13, 2014). Retrieved January 19, 2018. ^. Service, Calgary Police (January 24, 2013). Cinemascore.com. Ebert, Roger (June 10, 1994).

Retrieved December 3, 2008. Travers, Peter (June 30, 1994). Retrieved December 3, 2008. Maslin, Janet (June 10, 1994). Retrieved December 3, 2008. Gleiberman, Owen (June 17, 1994).

Retrieved April 9, 2009. Schickel, Richard (June 13, 1994). Retrieved April 9, 2009. interview at 4:30 via. Brown, Lane (August 17, 2009). Vulture.

Gleiberman, Owen (December 30, 1994). Retrieved April 9, 2009. Retrieved April 9, 2009.

Retrieved April 9, 2009. December 8, 2017. (PDF).

Retrieved April 6, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2011. Gold Albums, and other certified works. February 2002 Edition (PDF). The Record (Bulletin) (in Japanese). April 10, 2002. Archived from (PDF) on January 17, 2014.

Retrieved January 22, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2011. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 4, 2013.External links Wikiquote has quotations related to:.

on. at. at. at. at.

Mass kidnapping committed in California, USThe 1976 Chowchilla kidnapping was the of a school bus driver and 26 children, ages 5 to 14, in on July 15, 1976. The three kidnappers imprisoned their victims in a buried within a in, intending to demand a ransom for their return. After about 16 hours underground, the driver and children were able to dig themselves out and escape.The quarry owner's son, Frederick Newhall Woods IV, and two of his friends, brothers James and Richard Schoenfeld, were arrested and convicted of the crime.

By 2015, both Schoenfelds had been paroled, while Woods remains incarcerated as of fall 2019. Contents.Kidnapping On Thursday, July 15, 1976 at around 4 p.m., school bus driver Frank Edward 'Ed' Ray was transporting 26 students from the Dairyland Elementary School home from a summer class trip to the Chowchilla fairgrounds swimming pool when a van blocked the road ahead of the bus.

Ray stopped the bus and was confronted by three armed men with nylon stockings covering their faces. One of the men held a gun on Ray while another drove the bus; the third man followed in the van.The kidnappers hid the bus in the Berenda Slough, a shallow branch of the, where a second van had been stashed. Both vans had the windows in the back painted black and interiors reinforced with paneling. Ray and the children were herded into the two vans at gunpoint and then driven around for 11 hours before eventually being taken to a quarry ( ) in Livermore, California. There, in the early morning hours of July 16, the kidnappers forced the victims to climb down a ladder into a buried moving truck that they had stocked with a small amount of food and water and a number of mattresses.Bus driver Ray and the older children eventually stacked the mattresses, enabling some of them to reach the opening at the top of the truck, which had been covered with a heavy sheet of metal and further weighed down with two 100-pound industrial batteries. After hours of effort, Ray and the oldest boy, 14-year-old Michael Marshall, managed to wedge the lid open with a piece of wood and move the batteries; they then dug away the remainder of the debris blocking the entrance. Sixteen hours after they had been forced inside the buried truck, the group emerged and walked to the quarry's guard shack near the Shadow Cliffs East Bay Regional Park.

Arrests and convictions The quarry owner's son, 24-year-old Frederick Newhall Woods IV, quickly came under suspicion as one of the people who had keys to the quarry and enough access to have buried the moving truck there; he and two of his friends, brothers James and Richard Schoenfeld (aged 24 and 22 respectively) had previously been convicted of grand theft auto, for which they had been sentenced to probation. A warrant was executed on the estate of Woods' father, and there police recovered one of the guns used in the kidnapping as well as a draft of a ransom note, but the three men had fled. Woods was caught two weeks after the kidnapping in,. James Schoenfeld had been captured earlier the same day in, while Richard Schoenfeld had voluntarily turned himself in to authorities eight days after the kidnapping.The kidnappers had been unable to call in their intended demand of $5 million because telephone lines to the Chowchilla Police Department were tied up by media calls and families searching for their children. They went to sleep at some point on Friday the 16th and woke late that night to television news reports informing them that the victims had freed themselves and were safe.

James Schoenfeld later stated that despite coming from wealthy families, both he and Woods were deeply in debt: 'We needed multiple victims to get multiple millions, and we picked children because children are precious. The state would be willing to pay ransom for them.

And they don't fight back. They're vulnerable. They will mind.' Some details of the crime corresponded to details in 'The Day the Children Vanished', a story by that was published in Alfred Hitchcock's Daring Detectives (1969). A copy of this book was in the Chowchilla public library, and police theorized that it had inspired the kidnappers.All three perpetrators pleaded guilty to kidnapping for ransom and robbery, but they refused to plead guilty to infliction of bodily harm, as a conviction on that count in conjunction with the kidnapping charge carried a mandatory sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole. They were tried on the bodily harm charge, found guilty and given the mandatory sentence, but their convictions were overturned by an appellate court which found that physical injuries sustained by the children (mostly cuts and bruises) did not meet the standard for bodily harm under the law. They were re-sentenced to life with the possibility of parole.

Richard Schoenfeld was released in 2012 and James Schoenfeld was paroled on August 7, 2015.In October 2019, Frederick Woods was denied parole for the 19th time; his next parole hearing was set for 2024. Over the years, reasons given for the denials have included his continued minimization of his crime as well as disciplinary infractions for possession of contraband pornography and cellphones.In 2016, a worker's compensation lawsuit filed against Woods also revealed that he had been running several businesses, including a gold mine and a car dealership, from behind bars without notifying prison authorities as required.

The heir to two wealthy California families, the Newhalls and the Woods, he inherited a trust fund from his parents that was described in one court filing as being worth $100 million (although Woods' lawyer disputed that amount). He has married three times while in prison and has purchased a mansion about 30 minutes away from the prison. Aftermath Frank Edward 'Ed' Ray (February 26, 1921 – May 17, 2012) received a citation for outstanding community service. Before he died in 2012, he was visited by many of the schoolchildren he had helped save. Every February 26 has been declared Edward Ray Day in Chowchilla.A study found that the kidnapped children suffered from panic attacks, nightmares involving kidnappings and death, and personality changes. Many developed fears of such things as 'cars, the dark, the wind, the kitchen, mice, dogs and hippies', and one shot a Japanese tourist with a BB gun when the tourist's car broke down in front of his home. Many of the children continued to report symptoms of trauma at least 25 years after the kidnapping, including substance abuse and depression, and a number have been imprisoned for 'doing something controlling to somebody else.'

In 2016, the twenty-five surviving kidnapped children settled a lawsuit they had filed against their kidnappers. The money they received was paid out of Frederick Woods' trust fund, and although the exact settlement amount was not disclosed, one survivor stated that they had each received 'enough to pay for some serious therapy - but not enough for a house.' In popular culture The Chowchilla kidnappings were featured on episode 7 of season 2 of the program House of Horrors: Kidnapped, which airs on the American. The episode, 'Buried Alive', first aired on April 21, 2015, and was told from the point of view of Michael Marshall, who at age 14 was the oldest of the children on the bus.A two-hour made-for-TV movie about the event aired on the on March 1, 1993 titled: They've Taken Our Children: The Chowchilla Kidnapping.

It starred as bus driver Ed Ray, and as his wife.A second-season episode of, ', involves the kidnapping of a busload of school children, as well as their bus driver, who are then taken to an aluminum quarry and hidden in an underground bunker.A fourth-season episode of involves the kidnapping of a busload of school children buried alive in a landfill, with the kidnappers demanding a $10 million ransom.An episode of reunited some of the kidnapped women to tell their stories of the kidnappings. The bus from the kidnappings, which is now stored in a Chowchilla farm warehouse, was also seen in the episode.In 2019, the television news magazine investigated the story in the episode 'Live to Tell: The Chowchilla Kidnapping.'

See also.References. ^ Taylor, Michael; Writer, Chronicle Staff (July 15, 2001).

Retrieved October 21, 2019. (July 17, 1976).

The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved May 12, 2017. Instead of turning right at an intersection leading to the fourth stop, it apparently continued west toward what is called the Berenda Slough. It was in the slough that the bus was found. ^. Retrieved October 21, 2019.

City of Chowchilla, California. Archived from on November 3, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2016. The Encyclopedia of Kidnappings by Michael Newton (2002) p. Retrieved October 22, 2019. Alfred Hitchcock; Arthur Shilstone (1969) Alfred Hitchcock's Daring Detectives, Random House, New York. July 26, 1976.

Retrieved April 28, 2010. Hurd, Rick; Green, Jason (June 22, 2012). Retrieved June 22, 2012. (August 7, 2015). May 6, 2015, at the (April 1, 2015) The Fresno Bee. 'CALIFORNIA BRIEFING; SAN LUIS OBISPO; Parole granted in 1976 kidnapping' (April 2, 2015) Los Angeles Times, p. B4.

Egelko, Bob (April 24, 2019). San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 16, 2019.

Sorto, Gabrielle (October 8, 2019). Retrieved October 9, 2019.

November 19, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2015.

(November 19, 2015) NBC Bay Area. Hevesi, Dennis (May 18, 2012). Associated Press (May 18, 2012).

Smith, Joshua Emerson (May 17, 2012). March 22, 2014, at the. Miller, Thaddeus (February 26, 2015). Merced Sun-Star. Retrieved February 26, 2016. Chowchilla Mayor John Chavez read a proclamation during the park dedication, which included making every Feb. 26 Edward Ray Day in Chowchilla.

'We hope that when Feb. 26 comes around each year, you stop for a moment and remember the strength and heroism that was Edward Ray,' he said, speaking to the crowd.

'Study Finds Trauma in Kidnap Victims'. Merced Sun-Star. The Associated Press. January 20, 1981. Linda Witt (July 20, 1986). Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 15, 2016.

CS1 maint: location. Charles Osgood, anchor; John Blackstone, reporter (July 29, 2001). 'Innocence lost; the Chowchilla kidnap victims 25 years later, and what they taught us about childhood trauma'.

CBS News Transcripts. CBS Sunday Morning. January 31, 2002. Retrieved April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2015.